Unit
1 Certainty and Uncertainty
确定与不确定
Part Ⅰ Practical Background Information 实战背景信息
由于文化背景和传统习惯不同，东西方人的思维习惯也有差异。当人们用语言进行交流时，这种差异便直接地体现在语言的表达方式上，汉英两种语言在表示肯定和否定上存在有很大的不同。例如：英语的Yes和No这两个单词，看似简单，但在实战交流中，常常容易“混淆是非”。比如：
David：Isn’t it right? (那不是对的吗?／那是错的吗?)
Mary：Yes，it is．(不，那是对的。)
No，it isn’t．(是，那不是对的。/是，那是错的。)
最有效的方法是：不管对方如何问，只要自己想表达的是肯定的，就用“Yes”，否定的，就用“No”。在表达肯定时中国学生总是只会用“Yes”，其实，英语是门富于变化的语言，要充分利用这一点，让自己的表达多姿多彩。比如可代替“Yes”的单词就有： “Right, Sure, 0fcourse,Certainly,
No problem”等等。
美国是一个移民的国度，至今这个国家每年都源源不断地从世界各地接纳新移民。移民去美国真的像人们想像的那样美好而又激动人心吗?根据专门研究移民生活及心态的专家们的意见，新移民到了一个全新的国度后通常要经历一种称为“Culture Shock”(文化震惊)的过程。“文化震惊”通常分三个阶段：第一阶段新移民初来乍到，对新环境充满好奇和状喜；第二阶段，随着新鲜感的消退，新移民开始讨厌所在城市、国家及周围的人，处于一种类似于幽闭症的心理状态中；最后阶段，新移民开始适应新的环境，最终摆脱第二阶段的阴影，慢慢习惯并喜欢新的生活。
Part Ⅱ Twenty-seven Practical Key Patterns 27大实战经典句型
一.
Expressing Certainty（表达确定）
1-①I’m sure
about that.
此事我能确信。
②Are you sure
about that?
这事你能肯定吗?
③Are you sure (that)
he’s qualified?
你确信他是合格的吗?
2-①Are you certain?
你肯定吗?
②I’m certain about hia sincerity．
我肯定他是真诚的。
3-①There is
no doubt in your mind about the man’s intention?
对此人的意图您心里不存疑虑吗?
②I’ve no doubt (that) you’ll
come out first in the contest．
我肯定你会在比赛中获得第一。
③I don’t think there can be any doubt．
我认为毫无疑问。
4-①He must
be there in the kitchen．
他一定是在厨房里。
②I’m absolutely positive．
我完全可以肯定。
③I bet they’ve got lost.
我敢断定他们迷路了。
④I’m quite convinced (that) things will improve．
我深信事情会好转的。
5-①There is no chance (possibility／hope) for
them to change the schedule.
他们没有机会改变计划了。
②There’s no room
for doubt．
无可怀疑。
二．Expressing Uncertainty(表达不确定)
1-①I can’t be certain．
我不能肯定。
②I can’t be sure．
我不能肯定。
③I can’t decide．
我决定不了。
④I can’t make up my mind whether to go or to
stay．
我无法决定是去还是留。
2-①I’ve no idea where I’m going this summer.
我不知道今年夏天去哪儿?
②I have no idea about where to find it．
我想不出哪儿可以找到它。
③I have my doubts about that．
对此我心存疑虑。
④I find it difficult to reach a conclusion．
我觉得很难下结论。
⑤I suppose it could be two o’clock at midnight．
我想可能是半夜2点钟吧。
3-①I was wondering if Peter might have left
Guangzhou．
我在想彼得是否已经离开了广州。
②I’m in two minds about which to choose．
我不知该选哪个才好。
③It all
depends…
那得看情况而定。
④You never can tell.
这很难说。
Part Ⅲ Three Practical Key Dialogues 3大实战经典对话
Dialogue 1(对话1)
A：Sophia，do you think you can get the job?
Sophia，你认为你能得到那份工作吗?
B：What job?
什么工作?
A：Why? You told me you applied
for a parttime job in an oil company．
你怎么回事?你说过你在向一家石油公司申请一份兼职。
B：Oh，yeah．I can’t be sure. Many people have applied
for it.
噢，对了。我不肯定，申请这份工作的人挺多。
A：But do you really want this job?
但你真的想要这份工作吗?
B：Yes．I’ll have to pay for my meals and
rents．If I can get a
good summer job
I can even spare a few bucks for other things.
Speaking of summer，have you really decided to go to Europe?
是啊。我必须付我的饭钱和房租钱。如果我找到一份好的夏季工作，我还能省点钱做别的事。说到夏天，你真的决定了去欧洲吗?
A：I’m absolutely sure．It’s exciting，isn’t it?
我完全可以肯定。令人激动，是吧?
B：Sure it is．
确实是。
Dialogue 2(对话2)
A：What’s the likelihood of another world war，Prof. Smith?
Smith教授，再次爆发世界大战的可能性有多大?
B：I doubt if there will be a third
world war．
我怀疑是否会有第三次世界大战。
A：I’m
not sure I agree with you．
我不能肯定我认同你的观点。
B：Well，there
is not much chance of a nuclear war worldwide.
呃，爆发世界范围的核战争的可能性不大的。
A：I hope you’re
right．
但愿你是对的。
B：Trust me．I’m absolutely sure there won’t be．
信我好了，绝对不会有的。
Dialogue 3(对话3)
A：I’m
going to South Korea in September，that’s for sure. But I don’t think I’ll go away in May．I have no idea if
I’ll have enough money saved up by then．
我9月份去韩国，这是可以肯定的，但我想5月份去不了。我不知道到那时我能否攒够钱。B：Suppose you could afford it?
假如你能出得起这笔钱呢?
A：I think go to Canada．Yes，I’ve always
wanted to go there．
我想我会去加拿大。是啊，我一直想去那儿。
B：My wife keeps urging me to
take her there．But I’ve been there at least five times， you won’t catch me going there for a sixth
time，you bet．
我太太总催我带她去那儿，可是我至今已经去那5次了。你放心好了，我可不会第6次去那儿了。
A：Where do you intend to go this year
then? Do you think you’ll go abroad?
那么今年你打算去哪儿呢?你认为你会出国吗?
B：Yes，booked up
already．We’re going to
是的，已经订位了。我们8月份将去挪威。
A：Really? What’s the weather like out there at this
time of the year?
真的?每年这个时候那儿的天气怎么样?
B：Oh! You never know about Norway．I wouldn’t be surprised if it rained．
噢，挪威的天气太难琢磨了。要是下雨的话，我也不奇怪。
A：I see．Well，I’m not going there then．
明白了。呃，这样的话我就不去那儿。
Part Ⅳ One Practical Key Essay 一篇实战经典文章
An Uncertain Future for a
Vietnamese Boy
Chau Van Loc came to the United
States in 1998 from Vietnam．His first impression of
the United States was very positive．He felt that this
new environment offered him many
exciting opportunities．However, one month later，Loc began to doubt if he was prepared to take advantage of these
opportunities．He knew almost no English. Even when he knew
what to say on a bus or in a store，local people had no
idea what he was saying and he had to repeat and repeat．He wasn’t sure if he would ever learn English or feel happy in the United States．He began to feel very depressed and
homesick.
Loc was lucky because there was a
counselor in his English program．This counselor helped Loc to understand that his feelings were
normal and that they were only a stage in his adjustment to this new culture．Eventually，Loc became more accustomed to his
life in this new country but will always miss Vietnam．
1．Read the passage above and answer
the following questions on the passage．
阅读上面的文章并根据文章内容回答下列问题。
1) When did Loc come to the
2) What was his first impression of the
3) Did he find the new environment exciting?
Why?
4) Did Loc know English well? Why?
5) Was he sure about his life in this new
country?
6) Why did the author say Loc was lucky
7) What did the counselor do for Loc?
8) What has become of Loc now?
9) Will Loc miss
2．Listen to the Passage with the help of
the notes below．
参考下列提示，听文章录音。
1)Vietnam：越南
2)fist impression：第一印象
3)exciting opportunities：激动人心的机会
4)take advantage of：利用
5)native people：本地人，当地人
6)feel depressed and homesick：感觉心情压抑并想家
7)adjustment
to new culture：对新文化的适应
8)be accustomed to：适应于……
3．Listen to the passage again and try
to retell the story in your own words．
再听一次课文的录音，用自己的复述故事。
4．Group work：discuss the following topic in a
group of three or four.
小组讨论：每小组3-4人，讨论下列话题。
1) If you happened to be in Loc’s situation，what would be your feelings?
2) Do you want to immigrate to
countries like U．S．or
Part Ⅴ Practical Key Grammar 实战经典语法
情态动词（一）
情态动词表示说话人对所叙述的动作或状态的看法，如请求、拒绝、必须、需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等情态意义，有一定的词义，其后要跟一个实义动词或系动词的原形构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的有过去时态，可以相当于一个助动词构成疑问和否定。 情态动词有：Can(could), may(might)，will(would)，shall(should)，dare, must, ought to, need, used to等13个。
1．情态动词can／could的用法
<1>表客观可能性。如：
□Even in summer it can be very cold there．
甚至在夏天那里都很冷。
□Tigers can be dangerous．
老虎是危险的。
□Your passage can be better．
你的文章可以更好。
<2>表能力，与be able to同义，在许多情况下可以交换使用。如：
□Mary can(is able to)speak two foreign languages．
玛丽会说两门外语。
□I can(am able to)help
you．
我可以帮你。
<3>表许可。can和could都可以用于现在时的疑问句征求对方许可，但肯定回答(给予许可)往往用can，表许可也可用(具体用法请看may／might)。
□You can’t go home now．
你现在不能回家。
□Can／Could I have a few words
with you? Yes，you can．
我能可以跟你说几句话吗?是的，你可以。
□Could／Can I sit here? Yes，you can．
我可以坐这里吗?是的，你可以。
<4>表请求，这时用could没有过去的意思，而是语气更客气。如：
□Can't you be quiet for a while?
你就不能安静会儿吗?
□Could you do me a favor?
你可以帮我个忙吗?
□Could you come and see me tomorrow?
你可以明天过来看我吗?
<5>表吃惊，怀疑，厌烦等。如：
□What can he mean?
他什么意思?
□How can you be so rude?
你怎么能这么粗鲁呢?
□Can it be true?
这是真的吗?
<6>表推测。对具体事情进行推测，can只能用于否定或疑问，肯定用could(也可以用may／
might)。如：
□According to the radio it could rain this evening.
据收音机报道，今晚可能有雨。
□Who can that be at the door?
谁在门口?
□It could be Michael．
可能是麦克。
另外，Can’t + have + done 一般用来表对过去事情否定的推测，译为“不可能”。如：
□He can’t have said so．
他不可能这么说过。
□They can’t have been here yesterday.
他们昨天不可能在这里。
Part Ⅵ Two Practical Oral Exercises 两大实战口语练习
1．Predict what you will probably be doing
or not doing five years from now．Share with your classmates．
预测一下5年之后你将要从事或不会再做的事情。与你的同学一道讨论这个话题。
2．You and one of your classmates first
discuss what are the major languages in the world．Then
you change your subject and discuss which language will become the world
language．You also discuss if English can be the only
language or official language in the world．
你和你的一位同学首先讨论世界上有哪些主要的语言。接着你们转换话题，讨论哪种语言将成为世界性的语言。你们还要讨论英语是否能成为世界上惟一的语言或官方语言。
Part Ⅶ
Fifty-four Practical Words 54个实战词汇
1．doubt
n. uncertainty
of mind 怀疑，疑惑
[同义]suspicion，no doubt很可能，无疑地
2．intention
n．aim，purpose 意图，目的
3．positive
adj．effective 积极的
4．sincerity
n．honesty and lack of deceit 诚实
5．contest
n．competition 竞赛，比赛
[同义]compete
6．bet
v．risk money on a race or on some future event 打赌
7．be convinced
确信，认识
8．make up one’s mind
下决心
9．midnight
n. 12 o’clock at night 午夜，夜半
10．reach
v. get to 抵达，达到
11．conclusion
n．end 结尾，结束
12．really
adv．In fact，actually 事实上，真正地
[同义]indeed
13．buck
n．dollar 美元
14．likelihood
n. probability
可能性
15．war
n．armed fighting between
nations 战争
[同义]battle
16．nuclear
adj. of or using atomic energy 核子的，核能的
17．nuclear war
核战争
18．worldwide
adj. in the most widely 世界范围的
19．win
v．be the best or the first in 获胜，赢
20．in fact
事实上
21．without
prep．not having，not with 无，没有
22．beat
v．defeat；do better than 战胜，打败
[同义]strike
23．highly
adv．to an unusually great extent 高度地
24．unlikely
adj. not expected
to happen 不大可能的
25．upper
adj. higher
in place or position 上面的，位置较高的
26．beaten
adj. defeated 挨打的，被打败的
27．May
n．the fifth month of the year 5月
28．save up
存钱，储蓄
29．urge
v．try earnestly or persistently to 推动，极力主张
30．at least
至少
31．sixth
num．the ordinal form of the number six 第6(个)
32．intend
v．have in mind as a purpose or plan 打算，想要
33．abroad
adv．to or in another country 在国外
34．go abroad
出国
35．book up
预订好
36．uncertain
adj.
changeable，not reliable 不确定的
37．impression
n．effect produced on the mind or feelings 印象，感想
38．felt
v．feel的过去式
39．environment
n．surrounding objects，conditions which
influence growth and development 环境，外界
[同义]surroundings
40．began
v．begin的过去式
41．advantage
n．something likely to bring success，especially in competition 好处，优，氮
[同义]benefit
42．knew
v．know的过去式
43．native
adj．belonging to or being the place of one’s birth 本地的，天生的
44．repeat
v．say or do something again 重说，重(复)做
45．depress
v．make sad；make low in spirits 使消沉，使沮丧
[同义]oppress
46．homesick
adj. sad because
one is away from home 想家的
47．counselor
n．an adviser 顾问
48．
adj. according to
what is expected，usual，or average 平常的，正规的
49．stage
n．scene of action，place where events occur 场所，舞台
50．adjustment
n．act of adjusting (调节)调节，调整
51．culture
n．the development of the ideas，arts，science，etc．in human society 文化，文明
[同义]civilization
52．Eventually
adv．at last，in the end 最后，终究
53．accustom
v．make used to 使习惯于
54．be accustomed to
习惯于……的，习惯的
实战名言
丢掉天真的幻想，完成手头的工作，无论它有多么棘手。